Which type of crime is characterized by malicious software, denial of service attacks, and defacement?

The type of crime characterized by malicious software, denial of service attacks, and defacement is computer-oriented crime. This category encompasses illegal activities that are conducted using computers and the internet. The focus is on the exploitation of technology and digital infrastructures to perpetrate various criminal acts.

Malicious software, commonly known as malware, can harm computers or networks, steal information, or disrupt services. Denial of service attacks flood a system with traffic, rendering it unavailable to legitimate users, which exemplifies the disruptive nature of computer-oriented crimes. Defacement refers to unauthorized alterations of a website, usually to damage the reputation of the site or its owners.

In this context, it is evident that the activities described directly involve digital technologies and inform systems, distinctly categorizing them under computer-oriented crime rather than other types such as street crime, which involves physical offenses, white-collar crime that typically pertains to deceitful practices for financial gain, or corporate crime associated with illegal activities carried out by companies.