Deviance is synonymous with which of the following terms?

The term "deviance" encompasses a broad range of meanings, and all the given terms reflect different aspects or interpretations of deviant behavior. Deviance refers to behavior that violates social norms, which can include acts that are seen as criminal (criminality), behaviors that are outside of established societal standards (unconventional behavior), and actions that contravene accepted social expectations (social norm violations).

Criminality is closely related to legal definitions of deviance, often focusing specifically on acts that are legally defined as crimes. Unconventional behavior refers to actions that diverge from what is typically accepted in a culture or society, emphasizing the idea of social norms being challenged or broken. Social norm violations highlight the core component of deviance, as these acts directly conflict with the collective understanding of acceptable behavior in a given context.

Hence, considering that all the terms reflect key elements of deviance, the correct answer captures the comprehensive nature of the concept, indicating that deviance can be synonymous with criminality, unconventional behavior, and violations of social norms simultaneously.